Which pathogens are commonly known to cause infective endocarditis?

Streptococcus viridans is a common pathogen associated with infective endocarditis, particularly in cases related to underlying heart conditions. This group of streptococci is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity, and they can enter the bloodstream during activities that cause trauma to the gums or oral tissues, such as dental procedures. Once in the bloodstream, these bacteria can colonize damaged heart valves or endocardial surfaces, leading to the development of infective endocarditis.

The condition is characterized by the formation of vegetations on heart valves, which can result in symptoms such as fever, heart murmurs, and embolic phenomena. Streptococcus viridans is especially noteworthy due to its virulence in individuals with preexisting heart lesions or valve defects. Understanding the specific bacteria responsible for infective endocarditis is essential for appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in at-risk patients during dental or surgical procedures to prevent potential infections.